Since assessment steers student’s learning, it is important to design quality assessments that are well-aligned with curricular goals. If this is not the case, the form of assessment generally dominates and can lead to undesirable learning strategies by students (Cizek, 2001; Frederiksen, 1984). For a long time assessment has – both in research and practice – been approached as a psychometric issue, where reliability and validity were regarded as the most important quality criteria. In the last decade, however, assessment is increasingly approached as an educational design issue (Schuwirth and Van der Vleuten, 2005). In this design perspective, assessment is seen as the backbone in the design of learning environments, where the constructive alignment between learning, instructional approaches and assessment needs to be assured (Biggs, 1996). As a consequence, the sole function of assessment is not anymore to measure cognitive learning outcomes, but also to enhance students’ metacognitive learning. This enriched perspective on assessment implies that assessment has multiple purposes.