Alison investigated whether adult ESL learners who were at different stages in their acquisition of questions could advance in their immediate production of these forms if they received implicit negative feedback (i.e. recast) in conversational interaction. As described in Chapter 5 recasts are paraphrases of a learner’s incorrect utterance that involve replacing one or more of the incorrect components with a correct form while maintaining the meaning. The researchers were interested in discovering whether adult learners who received modified interaction with recast were able to advance in their production of question forms more than learners who received modified interaction without recasts. Furthermore, they wanted to explore whether learners who were at more advanced stage of question development (‘readies’) would benefit more from interaction with recasts than learners at less advanced stage of question development (‘unreadies’). The results revealed that the ‘readies’ in the interaction plus recasts group improved more than the ‘readies’ in the interaction without recast group. However, the ‘unreadies’ who were exposed to recast did not show more rapid improvement than those who were not.