The accumulation of organic pollutants by microalgae has been of recent focus and only a few studies have been reported. As such the bioaccumulation mechanisms are not clear. With further studies, full-scale utilization of microalgae cultures and biomass for phytoremediation of water bodies will be a promising method for organic pollutants removal in the future. In addition, microalgae can be used in toxicity tests or in the study of microbial ecology as they have sensitive indicators that can be used to monitor ecological changes of water bodies.