Most significantly, by participating in design, teachers build something that is sensitive to the subject matter (instead of learning the technology in general) and the specific instructional goals (instead of general ones). Authentic tasks do not respect disciplinary boundaries. Therefore, every act of design is always a process of weaving together components of technology, content, and pedagogy. Moreover, the ill-structured nature of most authentic pedagogical problems ensures that there are multiple ways of interpreting and solving them. Thereby, teachers are more likely to encounter the complex and multiple ways in which technology, content, and pedagogy influence one another instead of thinking about rigid rules that imply simple cause-effect relationships between these components (Mishra, Spiro, & Feltovich, 1996).