Starch is the main source of carbohydrates in the human diet. It
is composed of two macromolecules: amylose and amylopectin.
Amylose is essentially a linear molecule made up of glucose units
linked by a-1-4 linkage, while amylopectin is highly branched
consisting of numerous short chains of (1e4) -a-D-glucans that are
interconnected by a-1-6 linkage. These a-1-6 linkages are responsible
for ramifications. Starch is hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes
into maltose, maltotriose, and branched-limit dextrins, which are
then hydrolyzed into glucose to be absorbed into the blood
(Kittisuban, Lee, Suphantharika, & Hamaker, 2014). Starch digestibility
varies and, depending on the speed at which it is converted
into glucose, starch is classified as (i) rapidly digestible
starch (RDS), (ii) slowly digestible starch (SDS), and (iii) resistant starch (RS)