for involvement in decision making Health providers need to take time to discern these preferences. It may be helpful for providers to sit down with parents at regular intervals and assess their satisfaction with communication as well as their current needs and preferences. In this way, provision of information, communication, and parent participation could be tailored to each family In the absence of time to individually discuss each family's needs and preferences. care should be taken to allow the family ample opportunity to ask questions and discuss procedures and test findings. Even parents who do not want to actually participate in the decision making for their infants appreciate the feeling of being involved and lis tened to.