lignocellulosic biomass as a RSE source has great potential to meet
the rising energy demands. Indeed, fuels produced from biomass
are carbon–neutral as the net CO2 emission from their combustion
Waste or is used by the plants in photosynthesis [8]. Hydrogen (H2) is a clean
energy carrier as its combustion results in water, which makes it
attractive, compared to other renewable alternative fuels. The
social, environmental and economic benefits of H2 makes it a
dream alternative fuel [9]. Hydrogen is one of the most promising
alternative energy carriers, which does not exist freely in nature.
The existing methods for renewable hydrogen production are
categorized in Fig. 1 [10–14].