Fig. 1 shows how
silviculture applies to each phase as we view them,
with the final condition depicted as levels of
endemism. Although this endemism could be considered
a separate phase (i.e.Williamson, 1996), there
is limited long-term experience with endemic levels of
introduced pests. Strategies may or may not differ
across phases, and depend upon the particular
ecological situation and management objectives.