This study adds to the limited body of literature on supervision of APEs in Mozambique and discusses these in the light of data and evidence from other community health worker programmes. We identified the importance of regular supportive supervision as a key determinant to APE motivation and a potential way of improving APE and programme performance. A range of barriers to the supervision system under the revitalized programme should be addressed. APEs in the previous programme felt abandoned due to the lack of supervision, and this appears to be a recurring constraint in the revitalized programme. While some APEs indicated that they want more supervision, constraints in supervision frequency arose at both the facility and district levels, relating to budget and access issues but also to supervisors’ dual roles and limited means of transport. Using community-monitoring in