Oliver (1980) proposed that consumers form an initial expectation regarding a
specific product prior to purchase. Following a period of initial consumption, they
form perceptions about the product’s performance based on its salient attributes.
After that, they compare these perceptions of product performance with their prior
expectation levels and determine the extent to which their expectations are
confirmed. When perceived performance exceeds expectations, consumers’ positive
confirmation results, whereas when perceived performance falls short of expectations,
their expectations are negatively confirmed. Finally, consumers form a feeling
of satisfaction or dissatisfaction based on their disconfirmation level. Satisfied
consumers form intentions to reuse the product in the future, while dissatisfied users
discontinue its use (Bhattacherjee 2001).