Developing of harbors and Industrial facilities
remain growing sources of impacts over forests and continue blindly ignoring ecological (mainly as seedling
furnisher), touristic and economical value of mangrove stands.
Sometimes, the proper governmental enterprises impact mangrove
ecosystems. While natural disasters are uncommon, and in spite of
mangroves be substrate builders by efficiently accumulating sediments
and therefore resist tidal washing and erosion, sea level rise
due to global warming threats directly and indirectly mangrove
stands unable to expand landwards, due to geographical constrains
in some areas and anthropogenic activities located upstream watersheds