If as we said in Chapter1, the teacher needs to provide variety,then clearly he or she will have to include different stages in his or her lessons.
When he or she arrives in the classroom, the teacher needs to start the lesson off.Where possible and appropriate,he or she needs to tell the students what they will be doing or, in a different kind of lesson, needs to discuss with them what they are hoping to achieve.
Teacher do not always explain exactly what are going to do,however, since they sometimes want to maintain an element of surprise.But even in such cases,a clear start to the lesson in necessary just as a play often starts with the rise of a curtain,or a visit to the doctor start when he or she ask you,Now then, what seems to be the problem? or How can I help you?
When an activity has finished and/or another one is about to star,it help if teachers make this clear through the way they behave and the things they say.It helps students if they are made clearly aware of the end of somethings and the beginning of what is coming next.Frequently, teacher need to re-focus the students' attention,or point it in some new direction
In order for such changes of direction to be effective,the teacher first needs to get the students' attention.This can sometimes be difficult,especially when teachers try draw a speaking activity to a conclusion,or when students' are working in groups.Some teachers clap their hands to get students' attention.Some speak loudly,saying things like, 'Thank you... now can i have attention please? Or OK... thanks... let's all face the front shall we? Another method is for the teacher to raise his or her hand.When individual students see this,they raise their hands briefly in reply to indicate that they are now going to be quiet and next for the next stage.
Finally,when an activity or a lesson finished,it helps if the teacher is able to provide some kind of closure-a summary of what has happened,perhaps,or a prediction of what will take place in the next lesson.Sometimes,teachers find themselves in the middle of something when the bell goes,but this is unfortunate,because it leaves unfinished business behind,and a sense of incompletenes.It is mush better to round the lesson off successfully.