The surfactant used in this work was Glucopon 650EC, a
mixture of APGs having an average alkyl chain length of 11,
hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of 11.9, and critical micelle
concentration (CMC) of 0.073 g/L at 37 ◦C (Jurado et al., 2007). It
was provided by Cognis (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd which is now part of
BASF Chemical Company. The active percentage of the surfactant
solution is 50–53 weight percent (wt%).
Sodium chloride (NaCl, A.R. grade) was supplied by LGC Scientific,
Malaysia. Furthermore, n-octane and GM were supplied by
Sigma–Aldrich. Palm kernel oil was purchased from Delima Oil
Products Sdn. Bhd. in Malaysia. All of the materials were used as
supplied without further purification.