of ARs and steryl ferulates after saponification, lutein and
b-tocotrienol were also less efficiently extracted (3.3 and
17.6 mg/g DM, respectively) than by our simultaneous method
(6.1 and 26.4 mg/g DM, respectively). Carotenoids and tocochromanols
might be degraded or isomerized by the hot saponification
(Ryyna¨nen et al., 2004; Kimura et al., 1990).