The main objectives of this study were to develop a mechanism for understanding the adoption of green logistics practices for truck fleets in China. A framework based on institutional economics was developed to identify the driving factors, green logistics practices and their relationships. An outline of the methods applied is presented. An analysis of green logistics practices in the road freight industry based on a survey of truck fleets is presented. A description of the driving factors for adopting green logistics for truck fleets is then provided. A structural equation model was developed to determine the relationships between the driving factors and adoption of green logistics practices. Finally, recommendations for promoting the development of green logistics in the Chinese road freight industry are presented