other organic compounds) excreted by plants root to direct electrical
current .
One advantage of PMFCs compared with other bioenergy technologies
such as bioethanol or biodiesel is that PMFCs do not compete
with food production and nor occupy additional arable land.
The theoretical maximum electricity output was estimated
278 MWh ha1 year1 (3.2 W/m2), in which 50% could be harvested
in natural conditions . Waterlogged system,
such as rice paddy field has been demonstrated as starting