As a reference,the Mn-free base and the currently used automotive alloys A380 and A319 were used.
In the as-cast state,the Mn-modified alloy consisted of the α-Al,eutecticSi,and Cu-and Mg-based phases in cluding Al2.8Cu, Al14.9SiCu4.9 and Al13.8Si4.5CuMg4. In addition,the Mn-rich phases of Al59.2Si9.2CuFe3.4Mn6.3, and Al26Si4.1Cu1.1MgFe1.4Mn2.6 were present after casting.