The liberalization of Canadian cabotage restrictions on foreign marine containers is a success story. Unlike the cabotage issues explored
thus far, container cabotage regulations deal only with customs. Container cabotage is also distinct because it affects third party relationships with the NAFTA countries. International ocean carriers that serve
North America call on both Canadian and U.S. ports when moving containers around the world. Differences in how the U.S. and Canada treated the third parties caused the global carriers to treat Canada and the
U.S. as completely separate markets (Vido, Prentice, & Kosior, 2001).