In urban areas, the poor also rarely mobilize. They are often migrants from rural areas, work in the underground economy, sometimes in factories, or in small peddler trade. Their preoccupations with survival strategies also make them unlikely to engage in protest or large-scale political movements. Workers in factories or in large-scale industrial sites, however, and likely to be more politicized. Following workers in other parts of the world, they often seek better pay and better working conditions. The labour movement has long focused on unionization and collective bargaining to achieve these goals. Even under authoritarian conditions, union leaders often mobilize workers in strike actions or other forms of protest to voice their demands. Ever since unions appeared on a large scale in Europe and North America in the early twentieth century, labour organizations have been prevalent. Over time, certain forms of collective organizing, various tactics and strategies have been passed on to labour movements around the world. Workers, therefore, sometimes demonstrate, protest or strike at the factory or local level. Other times, as Rueschemeyer, Stephens and Stephens have shown, they have joined the middle class in broader movements demanding democracy (Rueschemeyer, Stephens & Stephens, 1992).