One of the great challenges of learning design in computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is to design effective interactive learning scenarios. The task is one of the critical elements that can help to operationalise educational affordances:
Since most educational design for skills or competence-based education (e.g., problem based, project-centered, case-based, etc.) tends to focus on the task, we will focus more specifically on operationalizing educational affordances through a critical element that affords the interaction between students: the
task. Task ownership, task character, and task control are defining factors in the educational affording of environments. (Kirshner et al, 2004, p.54)
According to Kirschner et al (2004) task ownership is related to individual accountability and positive interdependence. When students are individually accountable for their work, they will all invest in the group performance. In addition if they are dependent on each other and support and motivate each other to reach group goals, this creates positive interdependence. In other words, individual accountability, positive interdependence, and subsequent promotive interaction creates a learning environment where participants are encouraged to work together towards a common goal, contributing more or less equally towards the completion of the task. The presence of particular roles for participants in the collaborative learning environment is also a factor contributing to group cohesion and responsibility (Forsyth, 1999) , and in helping to create individual accountability and positive interdependence.
One of the great challenges of learning design in computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is to design effective interactive learning scenarios. The task is one of the critical elements that can help to operationalise educational affordances:
Since most educational design for skills or competence-based education (e.g., problem based, project-centered, case-based, etc.) tends to focus on the task, we will focus more specifically on operationalizing educational affordances through a critical element that affords the interaction between students: the
task. Task ownership, task character, and task control are defining factors in the educational affording of environments. (Kirshner et al, 2004, p.54)
According to Kirschner et al (2004) task ownership is related to individual accountability and positive interdependence. When students are individually accountable for their work, they will all invest in the group performance. In addition if they are dependent on each other and support and motivate each other to reach group goals, this creates positive interdependence. In other words, individual accountability, positive interdependence, and subsequent promotive interaction creates a learning environment where participants are encouraged to work together towards a common goal, contributing more or less equally towards the completion of the task. The presence of particular roles for participants in the collaborative learning environment is also a factor contributing to group cohesion and responsibility (Forsyth, 1999) , and in helping to create individual accountability and positive interdependence.
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