Caffeine: Strength- Power Performance
In the area of caffeine supplementation, strength
research is still emerging and results of published studies
are varied. As previously mentioned, Woolf and
colleagues [30] examined the effects of 5 mg/kg of caffeine
in highly conditioned team sport male athletes.
The protocol consisted of a leg press, chest press, and
Wingate. The leg and chest press consisted of repetitions
to failure (i.e., muscular endurance) and all exercises
were separated by 60 seconds of rest. Results
indicated a significant increase in performance for the
chest press and peak power on the Wingate, but no statistically
significant advantage was reported for the leg
press, average power, minimum power, or percent
decrement [30].
Beck et al. [35] examined the acute effects of caffeine
supplementation on strength, muscular endurance, and
anaerobic capacity. Resistance trained males consumed
caffeine (201 mg, equivalent to 2.1-3.0 mg/kg) one hour
prior to testing. Subjects were tested for upper (bench
press) and lower body (bilateral leg extension) strength, as
well as muscular endurance, which consisted of repetitions
to exhaustion at 80% of individual 1RM. Participants were
also tested for peak and mean power by performing two
Wingate tests separated by four minutes of rest (pedaling
against zero resistance). A low dose of 2.1-3.0 mg/kg of
caffeine was effective for increasing bench press 1RM (2.1
kg = 2.1%). Significant changes in performance
enhancement were not found for lower body strength in
either the 1RM or muscular endurance [35].
Results of the Beck et al. [35] investigation are in contrast
to a recent publication by Astorino et al. [76] in
which twenty-two resistance-trained men were supplemented
with 6 mg/kg of caffeine and tested on the
bench press and leg press [76]. Findings from Astorino
and colleagues [76] revealed no significant increase for
those subjects supplemented with caffeine for either
bench or leg press 1RM. Astorino et al. [76] did report
a nonsignificant increase in repetitions and weight lifted
at 60% 1RM for both the bench and leg press [76]; however,
the intensity differed between the two studies. The
Beck et al. design included a 2.1-3.0 mg/kg dose of caffeine
and repetitions to failure at 80% of individual
1RM, whereas subjects in the Astorino et al. investigation
consumed 6 mg/kg and performed repetitions to
failure at 60% of individual 1RM. Indeed it is possible
that the degree of intensity between the two protocols
could in some way be a resulting factor in the outcome
of the two studies.
Consequently, Woolf and colleagues [77] reported no
significant increase in bench press performance in collegiate
football athletes who consumed a moderate dose
of caffeine (5 mg/kg) 60 min prior to testing. Participants
in this investigation [77] were considered nonhabituated
to caffeine and consumed much less than 50
mg per day.
Research on the effects of caffeine in strength-power
sports or activities, while varied in results and design,
suggest that supplementation may help trained strength
and power athletes. Therefore, future research should
examine the effect of caffeine habituation and supplementation
on strength and/or high-intensity short duration
exercise. Of particular interest, is the lack of
significant finding for lower body strength as compared
to upper body performance.
Caffeine: Strength- Power PerformanceIn the area of caffeine supplementation, strengthresearch is still emerging and results of published studiesare varied. As previously mentioned, Woolf andcolleagues [30] examined the effects of 5 mg/kg of caffeinein highly conditioned team sport male athletes.The protocol consisted of a leg press, chest press, andWingate. The leg and chest press consisted of repetitionsto failure (i.e., muscular endurance) and all exerciseswere separated by 60 seconds of rest. Resultsindicated a significant increase in performance for thechest press and peak power on the Wingate, but no statisticallysignificant advantage was reported for the legpress, average power, minimum power, or percentdecrement [30].Beck et al. [35] examined the acute effects of caffeinesupplementation on strength, muscular endurance, andanaerobic capacity. Resistance trained males consumedcaffeine (201 mg, equivalent to 2.1-3.0 mg/kg) one hourprior to testing. Subjects were tested for upper (benchpress) and lower body (bilateral leg extension) strength, aswell as muscular endurance, which consisted of repetitionsto exhaustion at 80% of individual 1RM. Participants werealso tested for peak and mean power by performing twoWingate tests separated by four minutes of rest (pedalingagainst zero resistance). A low dose of 2.1-3.0 mg/kg ofcaffeine was effective for increasing bench press 1RM (2.1kg = 2.1%). Significant changes in performanceenhancement were not found for lower body strength ineither the 1RM or muscular endurance [35].Results of the Beck et al. [35] investigation are in contrastto a recent publication by Astorino et al. [76] inwhich twenty-two resistance-trained men were supplementedwith 6 mg/kg of caffeine and tested on thebench press and leg press [76]. Findings from Astorinoand colleagues [76] revealed no significant increase forthose subjects supplemented with caffeine for eitherbench or leg press 1RM. Astorino et al. [76] did reporta nonsignificant increase in repetitions and weight liftedat 60% 1RM for both the bench and leg press [76]; however,the intensity differed between the two studies. TheBeck et al. design included a 2.1-3.0 mg/kg dose of caffeineand repetitions to failure at 80% of individual1RM, whereas subjects in the Astorino et al. investigationconsumed 6 mg/kg and performed repetitions tofailure at 60% of individual 1RM. Indeed it is possiblethat the degree of intensity between the two protocolscould in some way be a resulting factor in the outcomeof the two studies.Consequently, Woolf and colleagues [77] reported nosignificant increase in bench press performance in collegiatefootball athletes who consumed a moderate doseof caffeine (5 mg/kg) 60 min prior to testing. Participantsin this investigation [77] were considered nonhabituatedto caffeine and consumed much less than 50
mg per day.
Research on the effects of caffeine in strength-power
sports or activities, while varied in results and design,
suggest that supplementation may help trained strength
and power athletes. Therefore, future research should
examine the effect of caffeine habituation and supplementation
on strength and/or high-intensity short duration
exercise. Of particular interest, is the lack of
significant finding for lower body strength as compared
to upper body performance.
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