In this paper we use the concept of fairness as the background for our analysis, i.e. charge users the average social costs of transport and transport infrastructure. In a recent study in the Netherlands (CE, Solutions for environment, economy and technology, 1999) estimates were made of a substantial part of these costs. In this paper we will focus on a category of average costs that was not accounted for in the CE (1999) study, i.e. the direct and indirect costs of land use related to transport. Especially in densely populated countries such as the Netherlands, the issue of scarcity of land and the negative spatial spillovers of transport activities may be very important.