Seismic wave propagation is a common technique used in hydrocarbon explo-
ration geophysics, mining and reservoir characterization and production.
Local variations in the fluid and solid matrix properties, fine layering, fractures
and craks at the mesoscale (on the order of centimeters) are common in the
earth’s crust and induce attenuation, dispersion and anisotropy of the seismic
waves observed at the macroscale.
These effects are caused by equilibration of wave-induced fluid pressure gra-
dients via a slow-wave diffusion process. Due to the extremely fine meshes
needed to properly represent these type of mesoscopic-scale heterogeneities,
numerical simulations are very expensive or even not feasible.
The course will present numerical upscaling procedures employing Biot’s
theory to determine the complex and frequency dependent stiffness at the
macroscale of an equivalent viscoelastic medium including the mesoscopic-
scale effects.
To determine the complex stiffness coefficients of the equivalent medium, we
will describe a set of boundary value problems (BVP’s) Biot’s equations of
poroelasticity in the frequency-domain solved using the finite-element method
(FEM).
The BVP’s represent harmonic tests at a finite number of frequencies on a
representative sample of the fluid-saturated porous material, in the context of
numerical rock physics.
Numerical rock physics offer an alternative to laboratory measurements, since
numerical experiments are inexpensive and informative since the physical pro-
cess of wave propagation can be inspected during the experiment.
Moreover, they are repeatable, essentially free from experimental errors, and
may easily be run using alternative models of the rock and fluid properties.
Applications to characterize the seismic response of fractured hydrocarbon
1
reservoirs and CO2 sequestration will be discussed among other examples of
application of the technique.
Seismic wave propagation is a common technique used in hydrocarbon explo-ration geophysics, mining and reservoir characterization and production.Local variations in the fluid and solid matrix properties, fine layering, fracturesand craks at the mesoscale (on the order of centimeters) are common in theearth’s crust and induce attenuation, dispersion and anisotropy of the seismicwaves observed at the macroscale.These effects are caused by equilibration of wave-induced fluid pressure gra-dients via a slow-wave diffusion process. Due to the extremely fine meshesneeded to properly represent these type of mesoscopic-scale heterogeneities,numerical simulations are very expensive or even not feasible.The course will present numerical upscaling procedures employing Biot’stheory to determine the complex and frequency dependent stiffness at themacroscale of an equivalent viscoelastic medium including the mesoscopic-scale effects.To determine the complex stiffness coefficients of the equivalent medium, wewill describe a set of boundary value problems (BVP’s) Biot’s equations ofporoelasticity in the frequency-domain solved using the finite-element method(FEM).The BVP’s represent harmonic tests at a finite number of frequencies on arepresentative sample of the fluid-saturated porous material, in the context ofnumerical rock physics.Numerical rock physics offer an alternative to laboratory measurements, sincenumerical experiments are inexpensive and informative since the physical pro-cess of wave propagation can be inspected during the experiment.Moreover, they are repeatable, essentially free from experimental errors, andmay easily be run using alternative models of the rock and fluid properties.Applications to characterize the seismic response of fractured hydrocarbon1reservoirs and CO2 sequestration will be discussed among other examples ofapplication of the technique.
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