The inactivation rate constant (kd) the half-life (t1/2) and the decimal reduction time (Dϑ) were calculated as described in Baur et al. (2015b) using Equations (1), (2) and (3), respectively. In addition, the z-value was determined by plotting the decimal logarithm of the D-value against the temperature ( Marchand, Coudijzer, Heyndrickx, Dewettinck, & De Block, 2008).