2. Material and methods
2.1. Osmotic process
Apples (Fuji variety) were cut in half at the largest diameter,
perpendicular to the main axis, without removing the skin, so only
one surface was available for mass transport. One half was used to
determine the apple composition in the fresh condition and the
other was immersed in the aqueous osmotic solution (50% w/w
commercial sugar or 10% w/w NaCl or 50% commercial sugar plus
10% NaCl). A jacketed stainless steel vessel with water thermostatically
controlled at 27 C circulating in the jacket, was used. A
central propeller vigorously agitated the 10 kg of solution and
wide-mesh plastic baskets were used to hold and protect the samples.
At the end of the treatment (2, 4 or 8 h), the samples were
removed from the solution and their surfaces gently dried with
blotting paper. Each apple half was then sliced as from the exposed
surface (thickness of about 1.5 mm) using an electric slicer. Discs of
known diameter were cut from each slice using a cork borer and
immediately weighed for the moisture determination. The remainder
of each slice was then used to determine the density and the
sugar content was determined from the dried discs after the moisture
determination. In this study, at least one replica of each specific
condition was carried out.
2. Material and methods2.1. Osmotic processApples (Fuji variety) were cut in half at the largest diameter,perpendicular to the main axis, without removing the skin, so onlyone surface was available for mass transport. One half was used todetermine the apple composition in the fresh condition and theother was immersed in the aqueous osmotic solution (50% w/wcommercial sugar or 10% w/w NaCl or 50% commercial sugar plus10% NaCl). A jacketed stainless steel vessel with water thermostaticallycontrolled at 27 C circulating in the jacket, was used. Acentral propeller vigorously agitated the 10 kg of solution andwide-mesh plastic baskets were used to hold and protect the samples.At the end of the treatment (2, 4 or 8 h), the samples wereremoved from the solution and their surfaces gently dried withblotting paper. Each apple half was then sliced as from the exposedsurface (thickness of about 1.5 mm) using an electric slicer. Discs ofknown diameter were cut from each slice using a cork borer andimmediately weighed for the moisture determination. The remainderof each slice was then used to determine the density and thesugar content was determined from the dried discs after the moisturedetermination. In this study, at least one replica of each specificcondition was carried out.
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