A fourth option establishes guidance for tribunals in
the interpretation of exceptions clauses. For example,
IIAs can establish a mandatory mechanism whereby
cases in which a respondent State invokes a public
policy exception are referred to a joint committee of
the contracting parties. The committee could guide
the interpretation or, alternatively, issue a binding
determination of whether or not a measure falls within
the scope of the public policy exception. This allows
States to retain a certain degree of control over the
application of an exceptions clause