In terms of infrastructure, the nature and extent of cross-border cooperation
depends heavily on the geography of the sub-region under consideration. Where
landlocked countries are involved, as in Central Asia or the Greater Mekong Subregion
(GMS), there is a strong case to be made for a cross-country approach to infrastructure
development (see Challenge 6). However, landlocked countries are not the only ones
that can benefit from an international approach to infrastructure development.
The construction and integration of major gateways in different countries so as to
improve intra- and extra-regional connectivity is an important way of reducing trade
costs (Arvis et al., 2013), thereby promoting regional and global trade. Connectivity is a
key driving force behind the operation of logistics markets, and fostering the
development of hub infrastructure services – like key ports and airports – can again
take on a regional public good aspect. International cooperation in this area can
therefore help ensure that there is an optimal level of investment. One example of the
beginnings of such an approach is APEC’s Supply Chain Connectivity Framework
Action Plan, which covers a range of connectivity-related issues that are complements
to infrastructure development (APEC, 2013).
The simplification and harmonization of border clearance procedures on a regional
or multilateral basis can also bring significant payoffs in terms of supply chain
efficiency. Importantly, this is not just a customs agenda: empirical evidence suggests
that in many countries, it is other government bodies involved in the clearance
process – such as health, quarantine, and standards agencies – that represent the most
significant burden for logistics operators (Arvis et al., 2012). A supply chain is only as
strong as its weakest link, so it is important for cross-border cooperation on clearance
procedures to involve all relevant agencies
In terms of infrastructure, the nature and extent of cross-border cooperationdepends heavily on the geography of the sub-region under consideration. Wherelandlocked countries are involved, as in Central Asia or the Greater Mekong Subregion(GMS), there is a strong case to be made for a cross-country approach to infrastructuredevelopment (see Challenge 6). However, landlocked countries are not the only onesthat can benefit from an international approach to infrastructure development.The construction and integration of major gateways in different countries so as toimprove intra- and extra-regional connectivity is an important way of reducing tradecosts (Arvis et al., 2013), thereby promoting regional and global trade. Connectivity is akey driving force behind the operation of logistics markets, and fostering thedevelopment of hub infrastructure services – like key ports and airports – can againtake on a regional public good aspect. International cooperation in this area cantherefore help ensure that there is an optimal level of investment. One example of thebeginnings of such an approach is APEC’s Supply Chain Connectivity FrameworkAction Plan, which covers a range of connectivity-related issues that are complementsto infrastructure development (APEC, 2013).The simplification and harmonization of border clearance procedures on a regionalor multilateral basis can also bring significant payoffs in terms of supply chainประสิทธิภาพการ สำคัญ ไม่เพียงวาระศุลกากร: แนะนำหลักฐานประจักษ์ในหลายประเทศ มันว่าหน่วยงานราชการอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องในการเคลียร์กระบวนการ – เช่นสุขภาพ ตรวจสอบ และมาตรฐานหน่วยงาน – ที่แสดงมากสุดภาระงานที่สำคัญสำหรับผู้ประกอบการด้านโลจิสติกส์ (Arvis et al., 2012) ซัพพลายเชนเป็นเท่านั้นแข็งแรงเป็นการกำจัดจุดอ่อน ดังนั้นจึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญสำหรับความร่วมมือข้ามพรมแดนบนเคลียร์กระบวนการเกี่ยวข้องกับหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งหมด
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