For centuries, scientists, philosophers and intelligent laymen have been concerned about creating,
acquiring, and communicating knowledge and improving the re-utilization of knowledge.
However, it is only in the last 15–20 years or so that a distinct field called “knowledge management”
(KM) has emerged.
KM is based on the premise that, just as human beings are unable to draw on the full
potential of their brains, organizations are generally not able to fully utilize the knowledge that
they possess. Through KM, organizations seek to acquire or create potentially useful knowledge
and to make it available to those who can use it at a time and place that is appropriate for them
to achieve maximum effective usage in order to positively influence organizational performance.
It is generally believed that if an organization can increase its effective knowledge utilization
by only a small percentage, great benefits will result.
Organizational learning (OL) is complementary to KM. An early view of OL was “…encoding
inferences from history into routines that guide behavior” (Levitt and March, 1988 , p. 319). So, OL
has to do with embedding what has been learned into the fabric of the organization.