However, despite the increasing amount of work published on the technological side of m-commerce, research on the strategies and applications of m-commerce remains limited. There have been a few attempts to investigate the adoption of m-commerce such as those conducted by. Several observations can be made about existing studies on Internet or m-commerce adoption. Firstly, studies of m-commerce usage among Chinese consumers have been limited. China is an importantmarket as it has one of the largest numbers of mobile phone consumers. Secondly, most of these studies have developed their adoption models based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). These studies have extended the TAM by including additional variables (e.g. Trust, Security). Thirdly, these studies have mainly studied the adoption of m-commerce based on consumers' intention to adopt or not adopt m-commerce. Studies concerning consumers' usage of m-commerce remain sparse. This is a significant research issue that needs to be addressed. As noted above, m-commerce activities in China mainly involve entertainment activities such as sending pictures or listening to music. Classifying various m-commerce activities (e.g. mobile banking, listening to music, mobile payments) under a general category of m-commerce, does not reflect the actual usage of m-commerce by consumers. Therefore this research examines the adoption of m-commerce in the context of m-commerce usage activities, instead of consumers' intention to adopt m-commerce. Lastly, most existing m-commerce adoption studies have either neglected using consumer demographic variables in their study, or have examined the indirect associations of demographic variables with m-commerce adoption.