10. Technology used is new to the organization
9. Software issues are considered too late in the system-development
process
8. Inadequate planning and estimating; long duration programs
7. Size matters – large projects get into trouble more frequently than
smaller ones
6. Software objectives/requirements are not fully understood or specified;
they change frequently (and grow) during the project; growth often
uncontrolled/mismanaged
5. Inadequate project management methodology
4. Inadequate process emphasis
3. Inadequate contract incentives to encourage use of modern software
engineering practices
2. Acquirers and developers lack experience working as a team
1. Insufficient senior staff and/or inexperienced software engineering
cadre