1. Fig. 2a shows a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the N-GQDs prepared in this work.
2. It can be seen that the obtained N-GQDs are relatively uniform in size without agglom- eration and are in the range of 2–8 nm.
3. The size distribution of N-GQDs in Fig. 2b shows that the average diameter of N-GQDs is about 3.5 nm.
4. The high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image (inset of Fig. 2a) reveals the high crystallinity of the N-GQDs.
5. These exhibited a lattice parameter of 0.25 nm, which is similar to (1120) lattice
fringes of graphene [19].
6. These results indicate the transformation of CA with ammonia resulted in high quality N-GQDs through the hydrothermal process, and their crystal structures were comparable
to that of GQD from graphite.
7. AFM image of N-GQDs in Fig. 2c shows the topographic morphology of N-GQDs, and the heights of N-GQDs are primarily between 0.5 and 1 nm.
8. The average height of N-GQDs is about 1.2 nm, and more than 70% of the N-GQDs are
less than 2 nm in height, suggesting that most N-GQDs consist of 1–3 graphene layers.
9. In addition, TEM and AFM measurements of the undoped GQDs were taken.
10. The average size and height of theundoped GQDs are 4.6 and 1.8 nm, respectively. (see Electronic Supporting Information (ESI), Fig. ESI-1).
11. These results indicate that the microstructure of the N-GQDs, such as their size and height, did not significantly change due to the functionalization of N atoms.
1. Fig. 2a shows a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the N-GQDs prepared in this work.
2. It can be seen that the obtained N-GQDs are relatively uniform in size without agglom- eration and are in the range of 2–8 nm.
3. The size distribution of N-GQDs in Fig. 2b shows that the average diameter of N-GQDs is about 3.5 nm.
4. The high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image (inset of Fig. 2a) reveals the high crystallinity of the N-GQDs.
5. These exhibited a lattice parameter of 0.25 nm, which is similar to (1120) lattice
fringes of graphene [19].
6. These results indicate the transformation of CA with ammonia resulted in high quality N-GQDs through the hydrothermal process, and their crystal structures were comparable
to that of GQD from graphite.
7. AFM image of N-GQDs in Fig. 2c shows the topographic morphology of N-GQDs, and the heights of N-GQDs are primarily between 0.5 and 1 nm.
8. The average height of N-GQDs is about 1.2 nm, and more than 70% of the N-GQDs are
less than 2 nm in height, suggesting that most N-GQDs consist of 1–3 graphene layers.
9. In addition, TEM and AFM measurements of the undoped GQDs were taken.
10. The average size and height of theundoped GQDs are 4.6 and 1.8 nm, respectively. (see Electronic Supporting Information (ESI), Fig. ESI-1).
11. These results indicate that the microstructure of the N-GQDs, such as their size and height, did not significantly change due to the functionalization of N atoms.
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1. Fig. 2a shows a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the N-GQDs prepared in this work.
2. It can be seen that the obtained N-GQDs are relatively uniform in size without agglom- eration and are in the range of 2–8 nm.
3. The size distribution of N-GQDs in Fig. 2b shows that the average diameter of N-GQDs is about 3.5 nm.
4. The high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image (inset of Fig. 2a) reveals the high crystallinity of the N-GQDs.
5. These exhibited a lattice parameter of 0.25 nm, which is similar to (1120) lattice
fringes of graphene [19].
6. These results indicate the transformation of CA with ammonia resulted in high quality N-GQDs through the hydrothermal process, and their crystal structures were comparable
to that of GQD from graphite.
7. AFM image of N-GQDs in Fig. 2c shows the topographic morphology of N-GQDs, and the heights of N-GQDs are primarily between 0.5 and 1 nm.
8. The average height of N-GQDs is about 1.2 nm, and more than 70% of the N-GQDs are
less than 2 nm in height, suggesting that most N-GQDs consist of 1–3 graphene layers.
9. In addition, TEM and AFM measurements of the undoped GQDs were taken.
10. The average size and height of theundoped GQDs are 4.6 and 1.8 nm, respectively. (see Electronic Supporting Information (ESI), Fig. ESI-1).
11. These results indicate that the microstructure of the N-GQDs, such as their size and height, did not significantly change due to the functionalization of N atoms.
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