The inefficient truck run, especially for backhaul trip, should be improved for better transportation
planning both internal integration and external integration [5]. The traditional transport task is just pushing
the product from production process or warehouse to customers without concern about efficient energy
consumption. Both internal and external organizations must plan and work together to avoid any waste in
energy for transportation. Internal integration means the manufacturing department must plan its production
process along with the sale team, while the sale department needs to work with the transport department to
arrange for optimal transportation.