Drug cohorts . Patients were assigned to only one of the following drug cohorts: methamphetamine, cocaine, opioids, cannabis,or alcohol. To be assigned to a drug cohort, an individual must have had 1) an ICD-9 diagnosis, in any diagnostic position in the
medical record, indicating a condition in only one single drug category (Table 1) at index admission; 2) no prior or concurrent indication(in relation to the index drug admission) of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-9 codes 295.x, schizophrenic disorders; 297.x, delusional disorders; 298.x, other nonorganic psychoses; or 301.2, schizoid personality disorder); 3) no concurrent diagnoses at index admission of drug-induced psychoses (code 292.1, druginduced psychotic disorders); and 4) no prior, concurrent, or subsequent indication (in relation to the index admission) of any alcohol
or drug use diagnoses other than that of their assigned drug cohort as listed in Table 1. In other words, the algorithm excluded individuals from a drug group who had any ICD-9 diagnostic codes within a medical record or across records indicative of drug use other than that designated by their drug group membership. For example, individuals assigned to the methamphetamine group could have only methamphetamine-related ICD-9 diagnostic codes in any of their inpatient records (in any diagnostic position) from the time of their first discharge event to the time of the first schizophrenia admission (or the study end date).
Drug cohorts . Patients were assigned to only one of the following drug cohorts: methamphetamine, cocaine, opioids, cannabis,or alcohol. To be assigned to a drug cohort, an individual must have had 1) an ICD-9 diagnosis, in any diagnostic position in the
medical record, indicating a condition in only one single drug category (Table 1) at index admission; 2) no prior or concurrent indication(in relation to the index drug admission) of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-9 codes 295.x, schizophrenic disorders; 297.x, delusional disorders; 298.x, other nonorganic psychoses; or 301.2, schizoid personality disorder); 3) no concurrent diagnoses at index admission of drug-induced psychoses (code 292.1, druginduced psychotic disorders); and 4) no prior, concurrent, or subsequent indication (in relation to the index admission) of any alcohol
or drug use diagnoses other than that of their assigned drug cohort as listed in Table 1. In other words, the algorithm excluded individuals from a drug group who had any ICD-9 diagnostic codes within a medical record or across records indicative of drug use other than that designated by their drug group membership. For example, individuals assigned to the methamphetamine group could have only methamphetamine-related ICD-9 diagnostic codes in any of their inpatient records (in any diagnostic position) from the time of their first discharge event to the time of the first schizophrenia admission (or the study end date).
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