All these aspects are brought together in one overview for LV (Fehler! Verweisquelle
konnte nicht gefunden werden.) and one for MV (Figure ). The x-axis shows the increase
in hosting capacity, and the y-axis describes the corresponding cost. The bars show the
costs without communication equipment for each scenario. The markers above the bars
indicate the total cost including the communication equipment. Note that central control
always requires real-time control equipment. Also note that the cost of network
reinforcement is approximately constant because these works are typically not performed
in an incremental way. Moreover, the civil works largely outweigh the cost differences
between the different cables required for each case.
As a general observation, energy storage is relatively expensive compared to both energy
curtailment strategies (yellow versus red, green versus blue) and grid reinforcement
(yellow, red versus grey). Although storage is under continuous development and different
technologies could be used, the current price limits the economical use of storage to cases
in which very limited amounts of storage can avoid more expensive grid reinforcements.
This restriction is more pronounced on the LV feeders