The concept of escape velocity gives us a clear and intuitive way of thinking about black holes, but unfortunately does not
provide a full description of the physics behind these objects. For this we require a more complete description of gravity,
which was provided by Einstein in his theory of general relativity in the early 20th century. Einstein's remarkable insight
was that gravity is not simply a force between two objects that acts at a distance, but instead represents a fundamental
curvature in the fabric of space and time in the Universe. Massive objects curve the spacetime around them, and the
motion of objects follows straight lines in this curved space; thus the Moon orbits the Earth because it is following the
curvature of space induced by the Earth's gravity. This is an extraordinary idea, but it makes some robust predictions,
chief among which is that light rays (which have no mass, and so traditionally were not thought to experience gravity) are
deflected as they pass close to the Sun. The observation of this effect provided among the first experimental proof of Einstein's theory.
The concept of escape velocity gives us a clear and intuitive way of thinking about black holes, but unfortunately does notprovide a full description of the physics behind these objects. For this we require a more complete description of gravity,which was provided by Einstein in his theory of general relativity in the early 20th century. Einstein's remarkable insightwas that gravity is not simply a force between two objects that acts at a distance, but instead represents a fundamentalcurvature in the fabric of space and time in the Universe. Massive objects curve the spacetime around them, and themotion of objects follows straight lines in this curved space; thus the Moon orbits the Earth because it is following thecurvature of space induced by the Earth's gravity. This is an extraordinary idea, but it makes some robust predictions,chief among which is that light rays (which have no mass, and so traditionally were not thought to experience gravity) aredeflected as they pass close to the Sun. The observation of this effect provided among the first experimental proof of Einstein's theory.
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