The False-Paradigm Model
Attributes underdevelopment to faulty and in appropriate advice provided by well-meaning but often uninformed, ethnocentric international experts from developed countries or multinational donors – also suspect are the western trained university teachers and bureaucrats and technocrats.
Criticism
These sets of theories emphasize that removal of the international and domestic imbalances is the most effective way to deal with the diverse social problems and accelerate the pace of economic growth through domestic and international reforms, accompanied by a judicious mixture of both public and private economic activity.
Major weaknesses:
1. They offer little formal or informal explanation on how countries initiate and sustain development.
2. Secondly, more important – the actual economic experience of Less Developed Countries that have pursued revolutionary campaigns of industrial nationalization and state-run production has been mostly negative. Also according to these theories countries pursuing policies of autarky – or inwardly directed development should be doing well – like China and to a certain extent India – However, both these countries experienced stagnant growths unless they opened up their economies in the 1978 and 1990.