In this way might arise the strong inhibitory effect of GP added to the oil-formulated muffins, rich in tocopherols. Clearly, the particular ingredients, as well as PCs from GP, play important roles in the reduction of CML levels; however, the influence of all the ingredients on the viscoelastic properties of the product should also be taken into account. Modifying the pore structure in the crumb by adding ingredients might potentially contribute to variations in CML content, through changes in the migration of water and temperature.