—Exercise is an important facet of behavior that
enhances brain health and function. Increased expression of
the plasticity molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) as a response to exercise may be a central factor in
exercise-derived benefits to brain function. In rodents, daily
wheel-running exercise increases BDNF gene and protein
levels in the hippocampus. However, in humans, exercise
patterns are generally less rigorous, and rarely follow a daily
consistency. The benefit to the brain of intermittent exercise
is unknown, and the duration that exercise benefits endure
after exercise has ended is unexplored. In this study, BDNF
protein expression was used as an index of the hippocampal
response to exercise. Both daily exercise and alternating
days of exercise increased BDNF protein, and levels progressively
increased with longer running duration, even after 3
months of daily exercise. Exercise on alternating days was as
effective as daily exercise, even though exercise took place
only on half as many days as in the daily regimen. In addition,
BDNF protein remained elevated for several days after exercise
ceased. Further, after prior exercise experience, a brief
second exercise re-exposure insufficient to cause a BDNF
change in naïve animals, rapidly reinduced BDNF protein to
levels normally requiring several weeks of exercise for induction.
The protein reinduction occurred with an intervening
“rest” period as long as 2 weeks. The rapid reinduction of
BDNF by an exercise stimulation protocol that is normally
subthreshold in naïve animals suggests that exercise primes
a molecular memory for BDNF induction. These findings are
clinically important because they provide guidelines for optimizing
the design of exercise and rehabilitation programs,
in order to promote hippocampal function. © 2005 Published
by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.
—Exercise is an important facet of behavior that
enhances brain health and function. Increased expression of
the plasticity molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) as a response to exercise may be a central factor in
exercise-derived benefits to brain function. In rodents, daily
wheel-running exercise increases BDNF gene and protein
levels in the hippocampus. However, in humans, exercise
patterns are generally less rigorous, and rarely follow a daily
consistency. The benefit to the brain of intermittent exercise
is unknown, and the duration that exercise benefits endure
after exercise has ended is unexplored. In this study, BDNF
protein expression was used as an index of the hippocampal
response to exercise. Both daily exercise and alternating
days of exercise increased BDNF protein, and levels progressively
increased with longer running duration, even after 3
months of daily exercise. Exercise on alternating days was as
effective as daily exercise, even though exercise took place
only on half as many days as in the daily regimen. In addition,
BDNF protein remained elevated for several days after exercise
ceased. Further, after prior exercise experience, a brief
second exercise re-exposure insufficient to cause a BDNF
change in naïve animals, rapidly reinduced BDNF protein to
levels normally requiring several weeks of exercise for induction.
The protein reinduction occurred with an intervening
“rest” period as long as 2 weeks. The rapid reinduction of
BDNF by an exercise stimulation protocol that is normally
subthreshold in naïve animals suggests that exercise primes
a molecular memory for BDNF induction. These findings are
clinically important because they provide guidelines for optimizing
the design of exercise and rehabilitation programs,
in order to promote hippocampal function. © 2005 Published
by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.
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