Results: Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs and BCLs as compared with those living in Chendian (po0.01). In Guiyu, 70.8% of children (109/154) had BLLs410 mg/dL, and 20.1% of children (31/154) had BCLs42 mg/L, compared with 38.7% of children (48/124) had BLLs 410 mg/dL and 7.3% of children (9/124) had BCLs42 mg/L in Chendian (po0.01, respectively). We also observed a significant increasing trend in BLLs with increasing age in Guiyu (po0.01). Mean height of children in Guiyu was significantly lower than that in Chendian (po0.01). The risk factors related to children’s BLLs and BCLs mainly included father’s engagement in the work related to e-waste, children’s residence in Guiyu and the amount of time that children played outside near the road everyday.