Application of the construct learning to a human organization, in the phrase “the learning organization,” may be metaphorical.The utility of this idea cannot be under appreciated.By analogy and comparison,we attribute many human qualities to organizations,anthropomorphizing them extensively.For example,when we cannot articulate causes and consequences of being at the effect of organizations,we have Knowledge,management,and learning great facility using their brand names to explain, complain,and blame them for various events.In reality,it is the action of an individual or small decision making group
within the organization responsible, not the organization as such.