BiFEs are more environmentally
friendly than MFEs since the toxicity of bismuth and its salts is negligible compared to mercury compounds.
trace
Twomajor sources of interferencewere investigated. First, surfactants
present in most real samples are the more serious
interference in stripping analysis and their effects on electroplated
BiFEs have been systematically studied previously
[29–31]. Triton X-100was used to simulate the effect of a typical
non-ionic surfactant. It was found that 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg L−1 of
Triton X-100 caused a decrease in the Ni stripping peak height
by 27%, 80% and 89%, respectively.