This article examines the legal commercial trade of perishable products that are moved by air from the agriculture, livestock, and fisheries sectors of the countries of South America. These products are often referred to as ‘‘perishables and exotics’’ (P&E) in the sense that their cool supply chains require fast delivery, usually by air; and grow under natural conditions only in the exporting countries or can be grown seasonally in the importing countries under controlled environmental conditions. The list of exotics is extensive including tropical fruits and vegetables, ornamentals, fresh herbs and spices, wild mushrooms, fish and seafood.