Calibration of rainfall intensity was conducted prior to the running experiments in order that the experimental rainfall intensity reached the target rainfall intensity. The experiments were
conducted in a slope adjustable pan measuring 8 m long, 1.5 m wide and 0.6 m deep, with holes (2 cm aperture) at the bottom to facilitate drainage. The pan could be inclined at any slope gradient
from 0 to 35. A runoff collector was installed at the bottom of the soil pan, which was used to collect runoff samples during the experimental process.