Behaviors observed during the pen investigation included
sniffing, nosing, licking, or chewing all features of the
pen, whereas the enrichment investigation behavior included
playing (or in contact) with the iron chain in each
pen. Expression of social behavior was calculated from
the proportion of negative social behavior out of all social
behavior. Proportion of the exploratory behavior was calculated
as [(%Pen) + (2 × %Material)]/2 (Welfare Quality,
2009); where %Pen was the ratio of sample points when
particular pigs were engaged in the exploration of pen
features to the total sample points when the pigs were engaged
in an active behavior,
Behaviors observed during the pen investigation included
sniffing, nosing, licking, or chewing all features of the
pen, whereas the enrichment investigation behavior included
playing (or in contact) with the iron chain in each
pen. Expression of social behavior was calculated from
the proportion of negative social behavior out of all social
behavior. Proportion of the exploratory behavior was calculated
as [(%Pen) + (2 × %Material)]/2 (Welfare Quality,
2009); where %Pen was the ratio of sample points when
particular pigs were engaged in the exploration of pen
features to the total sample points when the pigs were engaged
in an active behavior,
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