In this study, we describe the contribution of TLR11 in Salmonella spp. infection of the mouse. We have found that TLR11-deficient mice are severely compromised in innate epithelial responses to S. Typhimurium and exhibit poorly controlled and widely disseminated infection, resulting in enhanced lethality. We have purified the ligand from S. Typhimurium and found that, like TLR5, TLR11 recognizes flagellin. Flagellin is also the TLR11 ligand from UPECs. Flagellin binds TLR11 and induces innate responses in mice independent of TLR5. Remarkably, loss of TLR5 results in upregulation of TLR11 in lamina propria macrophages, suggesting that enhanced TLR11 responses may contribute to the resistance of TLR5-deficient mice to S. Typhimurium infection. Because TLR11 contributes significantly to protection of mice from S. Typhimurium and the presence of TLR11 correlates with the host restriction of typhoidal Salmonella infection, we tested whether TLR11 might be responsible for mouse resistance to S. Typhi infection. As for S. Typhimurium, we found that TLR11 recognized S. Typhi flagellin and that S. Typhi could lethally infect mice lacking TLR11 upon oral infection. Low-dose oral infection with S. Typhi produced a febrile illness with features of human typhoid. Existing small-animal models of S. Typhi infection rely on use of severely immunocompromised animals (Mian et al., 2011) and, therefore, cannot serve as systems in which to study host responses or for vaccine development. In contrast, TLR11-deficient mice can be protected from infection by vaccination with heat-killed S. Typhi or by passive transfer of serum from immunized mice. Therefore, these results provide genetic evidence of host restriction enforced by species-specific TLR expression and the generation of an immunologically intact model for assessing S. Typhi host-pathogen interactions and testing new vaccine approaches.