In addition the nutrient removal percentage, another factor
which contributed to the optimization criteria was the first order
kinetics coefficient, k. The higher coefficient value means the bioremediators
able to absorb more concentrated nutrient within a
specific treatment period. As shown in Fig. 5, the MA phytoremediation
mode at 40% inoculation had the highest removal rate
for ammonia whereas symbiotic MAeEM remediation at 20% MA
inoculation with 5 mL EM inoculation was the highest for phosphorus
removal rate. The removal rate of independent EM bioremediation
mode obviously effective for the absorption of
phosphorus whereas the removal rate of ammonia was very low.