no treatment (OVX), E2 (50 �g/kg/day), and ECH (30, 90 and 270 mg/kg/day) for
12 weeks. Values are mean ± SD, error bars in the figure are presented as SD, n = 8.
# p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 versus sham group, * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 versus OVX group at the
same time point as evaluated by ANOVA.