The criminals and terrorists behind contemporary cyber threats to society are well organized, and the impact on the victims from their activities can be devastating. Therefore, the complex nature and sophistication of cyber crime and cyber terrorism demands a dedicated response, especially from investigators who are critical to the success of tracking cyber criminals and bringing them to justice. This chapter considers the core investigative competencies which provide the practical tools and techniques for conducting professional cyber investigations. The key investigative skills of decision making, problem solving, developing hypothesis, embracing innovation, and the importance of contact management, are all explored in the context of contemporary cyber investigations.