Risk evaluation of ready to eat food sold in fresh-markets and by street vendors in Bangkok
was conducted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food safety situation of ready
to eat food and prioritize the significant risks in order to provide preventive measures in
ready to eat food preparation. Samples were collected from 5 types of the most favoured
foods which are Khanomgeen-namya, Khanomgeen-namprik, Namprik-kapi, Namprikplaraa
and Yum. 24 samples were taken from each type and then analyzed for
microbiological quality and heavy metals contamination. Most of food items were
contaminated with Escherichia coli (48.3%) which had the highest amount of 7 x 104
CFU/g. In addition, Bacillus cereus (61.67%) with the highest amount 1.4 x 104 CFU/g,
Staphylococcus aureus (5.00%) with the highest amount 2 x 103 CFU/g and Clostridium
perfringens (25.83%) with the highest amount 4 x 103 CFU/g were observed. Among 120
samples there were 7 samples contaminated with Salmonella. Total microbiological count
were found at <103 - 3.6 x 108 CFU/g which indicated that 85% of the food sold was under
the ready to eat food standards set by the Department of Medical Science, Ministry of
Public Health. In the case of heavy metal contamination, food samples were contaminated
with lead and cadmium ranging from 0.06 – 2.99 mg/kg and 0.02 – 0.06 mg/kg,
respectively. After analysis by the Gumbel method and binomial distribution, the exposure
assessment of ready to eat food ranged from low to medium level, depending on the type of food. The highest risk evaluation was found in Namprik-plaraa contaminated with S. aureus
and the probability of illnesses value was 0.952. Yum also had high risk from S. aureus with
the value of 0.911. Namprik-kapi was prone to contamination with B. cereus and C.
perfringens with values of 0.086 and 0.098, respectively. The probability of illness from
Salmonella in Namprik-kapi was 0.125. In conclusion, although ready to eat food sold in 6
districts of Bangkok are safe to consume, with risk evaluation ranging from low to medium,
but stricter control and hygienic practices in preparation and the quality of raw material
should be implemented.
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