1.4 Characteristics of the Planning Process
Despite a great diversity of development plans and planning techniques, certain basic characteristics of comprehensive planning have been common to developing Countries. Tony Killick9 has listed the following six characteristics a Starting from the political views and goals of the government, planning attempts to define policy objectives, especially as they relate to A e development of the economy. by development plan out a the means of which it intends to achieve objectives, which are normally translated into specific targets. The plan attempts to present a centrally coordinated, internally consistent set of principles and policies, chosen as the optimal means of implementing the strategy and achieving the targets, and intended to be used as a framework to guide subsequent day-to-day decisions. (iv) It comprehends the whole economy Chence it is "comprehensive," in contrast to "colonial" or "public sector" planning. (v) To secure optimality and con- sistency, the comprehensive plan employs a more or less formalized macroeconomic model often unpublished) to project the intended future performance of the economy. period of, for example, five years, and finds physical expression as a medium-term plan document, which may, however, incorporate a longer-term perspective plan and be sup- plemented by annual plans. Although the formulation of a comprehensive plan is the goal of most poor countries, it is sometimes necessary to base such plans on a more partial sectoral analysis. In very poor countries with limited data and minimal industrial diversification, partial plans may be the most that can be accomplished 10
2. The Earlier Development Plans of Korea It was early in March 1959 that the government unveiled the first three-year (1960-1962) phase of a seven-year economic development plan (1960-1966)-the first long-term development scheme ever created by the Korean government. However, the plan, formulated by Industrial Development Council and organized by the then Ministry of Reconstruction, failed largely because of inadequate preparation and social disturbances caused by the 1960 student revolution. On April 19, 1960, a o student-led revolution overthrew the dictatorial government of Syngman Rhee.